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Firstly comment out the CDROM installation from "/etc/apt/sources.list". This seems to be done automatically from Lenny.
Next change any references to "stable" are replaced with the name of the current stable release, currently "Lenny". If we don't do this, then when the next release "Squeeze" goes "stable", suddenly your system will be upgraded next time you do an apt-get upgrade.
Next to an:
$ apt-get update
If it didn't work, then chances are that we are going to have to play around with the proxy server.
If you have to route all traffic through a proxy server, then you will need to provide this information to apt.
The usual method is to add the following line to "/etc/apt/apt.conf":
$ nano /etc/apt/apt.conf Apt.conf: Acquire::http::Proxy "http://admin:password@proxy:port/"
Obviously it is not generally a good idea to have a username and password in plain text form in this way.
It is also possible to add the proxy server to the environment variables:
$ export http_proxy="http://admin:password@proxy:port/" $ export ftp_proxy="http://admin:password@proxy:port/"
Obviously this will be lost when you close the current console. Again it is not a good idea to enter usernames and passwords as command line arguments, so you should clear your bash_history.
Ideally you need to change your proxy server to allow traffic without the need to specify a username and password.
In many cases you will require newer packages than are afforded by stable alone, and for that purpose you need Debian Backports. To add backports, visit:
And follow the instructions on that page to add the repository to your sources, and add the security keyring.
If you have multiple sources in your sources.list, then in general the latest package will be selected by default. You can change this behaviour by creating a file /etc/apt/preferences. This is called "pinning".
Save as /etc/apt/preferences…
Package: * Pin: release o=Debian,a=stable Pin-Priority: 900 Package: * Pin: origin www.backports.org Pin-Priority: 600 Package: * Pin: release o=Debian,a=testing Pin-Priority: 400 Package: * Pin: release o=Debian,a=unstable Pin-Priority: 300 Package: * Pin: release o=Debian Pin-Priority: -1
For a fuller description of pinning see the following page:
To save your package selections:
$ dpkg --get-selections >filename
Remember to save your sources.list and preferences
To restore your package selections:
$ dpkg --set-selections < filename $ apt-get upgrade-dselect
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